Characterization of anti‐Coxsackie virus B3 constituents of Radix Astragali by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

To profile the anti‐Coxsackie virus B3 constituents of Radix Astragali, an HPLC‐DAD‐MSⁿ analytical method, combined with an in vivo test, has been developed to identify the constituents of the active part, which has been demonstrated to have potency to inhibit the proliferation of virus in cardiac muscle, alleviate infraction in heart and elevate the survival rate of the animal. By comparing their retention time and MS data with those obtained from the authentic compounds and the published data, a total of 19 compounds, including 11 isoflavonoids and eight saponins, were identified, among which one pterocarpane glucoside was reported for the first time. The present study provides an approach to rapidly screening bioactive constituents in traditional Chinese medicines. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Aspect-ratio dependent oscillatory thermocapillary convection in the floating half zone

The dependency of the critical Marangoni number on the geometrical aspect ratio of the floating half zone is essential to predict the onset of oscillatory thermocapillary convection.The experimental studies in the microgravity conditions on floating half zones of several centimeters in diameter have predicted that the critical Marangoni number increases with the increasing aspect ratio,and the terrestrial experimental studies have predicted the contradictory conclusion for floating half zones of several mil...     

A reusable CuSO4 · 5H2O/cationic 2,2′‐bipyridyl system catalyzed homocoupling of terminal alkynes in water

A reusable CuSO₄ · 5H₂O/cationic 2,2′‐bipyridyl system catalyzed the homocoupling reaction of terminal alkynes in water using I₂ as the additive in the presence or absence of tetrabutylammonium bromide, giving the 1,3‐diynes in good to high yields. After reaction, the residual aqueous solution could be reused several times. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Ordered long‐helical conformation of isotactic polypropylene obtained in constrained environment of nanoclay

Special crystallization event of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) in a constrained environment, a layered clay network, was followed by in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy during the cooling process. Before occurrence of nucleation/crystallization, a conformationally ordered phase, which consists of significant amounts of long 3₁ helices with 14 monomeric units, has been identified for the first time. More importantly, it was found that the long‐ordering helices could play a more important role than short ones for the confined crystallization. It could be tentatively explained as due to the existence of constrained regions in the proximity of the nanoclay platelets or tactoids and the heterogeneous nucleation capability of the surface of nanoclay. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

"知识为线一方法为纲":基于化学基本原理的探究教学新探

课堂中有关化学基本原理的内容通常不易开展探究教学.在"化学反应速率影响因素的探究"课题的教学设计与实践过程中,采用"知识为线-方法为纲"的设计思路,以化学反应速率影响因素的相关知识为线索承载科学探究方法,将课堂中探究教学的焦点从化学知识延伸至科学方法,较好地凸显了科学探究方法教育.在此基础上,进一步挖掘科学探究方法的化...     

Structure of MgSO_4 in Concentrated Aqueous Solutions by X-Ray Diffraction

Detailed time-and-space-averaged structure of MgSO4 in the concentrated aqueous solutions was investigated via X-ray diffraction with an X’pert Pro θ-θ diffractometer at 298 K, yielding structural function and radial distribution function(RDF). The developed KURVLR program was employed for the theoretical investigation in consideration of the ionic hydration and ion association. Multi-peaks Gaussian fitting method was applied to deconvolving the overlapping bands of Differential radial distribution function...     

Sustainability from agricultural waste: chiral ligands from oligomeric proanthocyanidins via acid-mediated depolymerization

Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs, Ar′ = 3,4-(HO)₂(C₆H₃) are abundant natural products found in agricultural and forestry waste such as pine bark, grape seeds, and the peels of mangosteen. We have demonstrated that the OPCs can be converted into small molecule chiral ligands by using proper nucleophiles for acid depolymerization of the OPCs. The chiral ligands may have potential for sustainable asymmetric catalysis.     

n次积分C半群与抽象柯西问题的强解

给出了n次积分C半群的几个性质及其证明,讨论了它与一类抽象柯西问题存在强解的关系及强解的表示式.     

Simultaneous,real-time measurement of nitric oxide and oxygen dynamics during cardiac ischemia-reperfusion of the rat utilizing sol-gel-derived electrochemical microsensors

In this study, we simultaneously measured nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen (O₂) dynamics in the myocardium during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) utilizing sol-gel modified electrochemical NO and O₂ microsensors. In addition, we attempted to clarify the correlation between NO release in the ischemic period and O₂ restoration in the myocardium after reperfusion, comparing a control heart with a remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC)-treated heart as an attractive strategy for myocardial protection. Rat hearts were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (n = 5) and an RIPC group (n = 5, with RIPC treatment). Myocardia that underwent RIPC treatment (182 ± 70 nM, p < 0.05) released more NO during the ischemic period than those of the control group (63 ± 41 nM). The restoration value of oxygen tension (pO₂) in the RIPC group significantly increased and was restored to pre-ischemic levels (92.6 ± 36.8%); however, the pO₂ of the control group did not increase throughout the reperfusion period (5.7 ± 7.5%, p = 0.001). Myocardial infarct size measurements revealed a significant decrease in cell death in the myocardium region of the RIPC group (41.44 ± 6.42%, p = 0.001) compared with the control group (60.05 ± 10.91%). As a result, we showed that the cardioprotective effect of RIPC could be attributed to endogenous NO production during the ischemic period, which subsequently promoted reoxygenation in post-ischemic myocardia during early reperfusion. Our results suggest that the promotion of endogenous formation during an ischemic episode might be helpful as a therapeutic strategy for protecting the myocardium from IR injury. Additionally, our NO and O₂ perm-selective microsensors could be utilized to evaluate the effect of drug or treatment.